Chronic cervicitis refers to an inflammation of the cervical tissue that has persisted despite attempts at treatment with various antibiotic regimens. The incidence of this is unknown, as it is likely underreported or mislabeled as various other common vaginal issues like recurrent bacterial infections. Although a large percentage of patients will be asymptomatic, common complaints with presentation include pain and/or spotting with intercourse, pelvic pressure, vaginal discharge, cramping, intermenstrual bleeding, or dysuria.

Acute cervicitis is often due to an underlying infection with a sexually transmitted disease such as Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, and possibly Gardnerella vaginalis. However, sometimes there will be no identifiable pathogen.

For persistent / chronic cervicitis, it is more likely that the etiology will be related to a noninfectious cause. Potential noninfectious triggers include pessaries, condoms, chemical exposure (eg, from bathing soaps, fragrances, bath salts, spermicides, or vaginal lubricants), douching, allergens, sex toys, recent gynecologic surgery, intrauterine device strings, NuvaRing, and menstrual cups or tampons.