This summary discusses pediatric patients. Umbilical hernias in adults are addressed separately.

An umbilical hernia is a common fascial defect of the anterior abdominal wall present at birth or within the first several months of life. Umbilical hernias are most common among premature infants and slightly more common in infants of African descent.

Failure of the ventral abdominal fascia to close properly allows a weak point that, during high-pressure environments such as Valsalva maneuvers or bowel movements, can cause protrusion of abdominal contents.

Ninety-five percent of umbilical hernias close spontaneously by age 5; however, strangulation of bowel or omentum is possible, and parents should be counseled on signs and symptoms. Strangulation of bowel can represent a medical emergency requiring surgical intervention.