Plummer-Vinson syndrome is a rare condition, characterized by iron-deficiency anemia, seen in conjunction with glossitis and dysphagia. Improved nutrition is presumably the reason for the decline in reported cases, although certain "fad" diets could play a role currently. Most reported patients have been women between 30 and 50 years of age and of Scandinavian or Northern European descent.

Patients typically complain of a burning sensation of the oral mucosa, resulting in intolerance to dentures. Clinical findings include angular cheilitis and marked atrophy of lingual papillae producing a smooth, red appearance. Systemic features include dysphagia due to esophageal webs or strictures, koilonychia, and brittle nails. Fatigue, shortness of breath and weakness are characteristic symptoms of the iron-deficiency anemia.

Risk factors include iron-deficiency anemia in women of Northern European descent. The process evolves slowly and is progressive unless treated.