Essential tremor is the most common neurologic disorder causing a postural and/or action tremor. It may be familial or sporadic in nature. It is termed familial when there is a family history; inheritance pattern is most often autosomal dominant. Incidence increases with age and is most commonly seen in older adults, but essential tremor can start at any age.

The tremor is typically 4-12 Hz and most commonly affects the hands and arms. Tremor is most apparent when the arms are held outstretched, and it is increased at the end of a goal-directed activity such as finger-to-nose testing. Essential tremor of the head may occur and is typically manifested as a vertical ("yes-yes") or horizontal ("no-no") tremor with or without associated voice tremors. Face and leg tremors may also be present but are less common. Tremors are often bilateral, but may be asymmetric in severity or unilateral.

People with essential tremor typically do not have associated neurologic problems and may report that their tremor is improved with alcohol intake. The tremor tends to progress and can lead to significant functional disability for some patients.