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Emergency: requires immediate attention
Neonatal enterovirus infection
Other Resources UpToDate PubMed
Emergency: requires immediate attention

Neonatal enterovirus infection

Contributors: Craig N. Burkhart MD, Dean Morrell MD, Eric Ingerowski MD, FAAP
Other Resources UpToDate PubMed

Synopsis

Neonatal enterovirus infection can range from asymptomatic infection to overwhelming sepsis and death. Neonates can acquire infection via vertical transmission, during delivery, or by horizontal transmission from siblings or other family members.

While most cases are asymptomatic, symptoms may include neonatal fever or hypothermia, poor feeding, low tone, lethargy, jaundice, rash, respiratory distress, and seizures as well as symptoms of sepsis. Echovirus and coxsackie B are the most common enteroviral causes of neonatal enteroviral sepsis.

Severe disease may also include hepatic necrosis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), meningoencephalitis, and myocarditis. In cases of myocarditis, arrythmias, poor perfusion, hypersensitivity myocarditis, and generalized edema and shock may be seen. The disseminated form with hepatic failure and myocarditis is often fatal. Case fatality rates of 0%-42% have been reported. In one series of 146 neonatal infections, 61 had aseptic meningitis, 43 had a nonspecific febrile illness, and 42 had hepatic necrosis with coagulopathy.

Related topic: enteroviral infection

Codes

ICD10CM:
B34.1 – Enterovirus infection, unspecified

SNOMEDCT:
53648006 – Disease caused by Enterovirus

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Last Reviewed:09/18/2024
Last Updated:09/22/2024
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Emergency: requires immediate attention
Neonatal enterovirus infection
A medical illustration showing key findings of Neonatal enterovirus infection (Mild)
Copyright © 2024 VisualDx®. All rights reserved.